We are pleased to present our winter issue of Knihovna: knihovnická revue, which, as always, offers a wide variety of content. The articles cover a range of different fields, yet two are related to the topic of artificial intelligence (AI), two focus on historical themes, and one explores historical themes in relation to the present.

The first article describes the legal challenges and new obligations that artificial intelligence (AI) brings to digital libraries in both the Czech and European legal environments. The authors emphasize the principle of equal access to information, which is key to fulfilling the public service mission of libraries. The text analyses the legal implications of the main activities of digital libraries, such as digitization, online access (including electronic lending and the regime for works unavailable on the market—DNNT), and text and data mining (TDM). It also addresses the key mechanisms that form the essential foundation for digitization activities (such as the statutory license for the preservation of cultural heritage, which allows collection institutions to produce archival and preservation copies of works in their holdings). The article highlights potential difficulties that may arise from the application of the research license to works not available on the market (DNNT). In the context of the European AI Act, it analyses the impact of other artificial intelligence tools used to support scientific research (e.g., machine translation, interactive Q&A systems, or automatic summarization), as well as the legal conditions for their use. It also highlights new transparency obligations for libraries. In conclusion, the article offers strategic recommendations for the legal and ethical use of AI, with an emphasis on open solutions, data protection, and user education.

In the second study, the author introduces previously unknown aspects of 19th-century musical life in Teplice. She presents the lives and work of Josef Groh the Elder and Josef Groh the Younger, father and son, who served as choir directors at the Dean's Church of St. John the Baptist in Teplice. Drawing on available archival and other sources, she describes their life stories—often far from easy—and their paths toward music, performance, and composition. Based on a careful study of contemporary sources, she offers a new perspective on the musical scene of the time and, for the first time ever, provides a comprehensive account of the compositional legacy of both figures, whose significance extends beyond the borders of the region.

We open the non-peer-reviewed section with a summary of the now traditional nationwide survey, conducted every five years, which focuses on the salary, age, and educational structure of library staff. Each survey places special emphasis on selected areas—this time, language skills, the use of artificial intelligence in library work, and the system of human resources documentation. The survey also compares public and specialized libraries.

We continue with an article presenting a book donation received in 2022 by the National Library of the Czech Republic from the Regional Museum for Vysoké nad Jizerou. The author focuses on describing more than a hundred early printed books acquired by the Manuscripts and Early Printed Books Department at the National Library of the Czech Republic. The article also includes a brief introduction to the museum in Vysoké nad Jizerou and its role in creating and preserving this significant donation. The author then examines the content and authorship of the donated collection and conducts a provenance analysis of the items.

Another contribution describes one of the key moments in both Czechoslovak and global librarianship. In 1926, an international library congress was held in Prague. This gathering was important not only for Czechoslovak librarianship but also for international library cooperation. Leading figures in librarianship from around the world gathered in Prague for this occasion, and a rich accompanying programme was prepared. Following the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia, Prague became a centre of the post-war boom in libraries and library thought. It was here that the idea of founding the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) was conceived; the federation was established a year later in Edinburgh. Czechoslovakia was represented at its founding by Zdeněk Václav Tobolka, one of the first members of the IFLA committee. One of the chapters in this article is also dedicated to him.

This review focuses on two publications united by the common theme of the teaching librarian: Developing the Competencies of the Teaching Librarian and The Teaching Librarian.

The issue once again concludes with Recommended Reading from the Library and Information Science Literature Library and New Library Science Publications from Abroad sections. This time, the latter features abstracts of several French articles on topics related to making digital audiovisual documents accessible in libraries: films, documentaries, and video games. One of the articles addresses the training of librarians in the field of cinematography and audiovisual media. Of particular interest is the information on the French academic audiovisual platform for science and research, Canal-U, an important resource for institutions seeking to disseminate and share reliable, high-quality audiovisual content. The platform is supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, and the content is available completely free of charge. Several articles present interesting collections and libraries: the audiovisual and multimedia collections at the Museum of Aviation and Space, and the Audiovisual Media Department of the National Library of France (BnF). Others bring news regarding the legal deposit of films and video works at the BnF. The section also includes an overview of developments in this field in France from the 1970s to the present day.

On behalf of the editorial team, I wish you a successfull end to the year and good health and happiness in the year to come.

Renáta Krejčí Salátová

We are pleased to bring you the summer issue and hope you enjoy it. This issue features two peer-reviewed and three non-peer-reviewed articles, one book review, and regular Recommended Reading from the Library and Information Science Literature Library and New Library Science Publications from Abroad sections.

The two peer-reviewed articles both take us on a journey through history, each in its own way. The authors of the first article present the progress made in the development of tools for transcription of historical written heritage in the Czech Republic and Slovakia since 2020. They provide information on the latest Transkribus platform transcription models (SKRIPTOR project). Old and rare prints, manuscripts, and typescripts cannot usually be satisfactorily transcribed using optical character recognition (OCR) tools. To make the historical written heritage from digital repositories accessible, researchers are focusing their attention on transcription and machine learning using artificial intelligence. The procedures and experiments involved in creating models of historical manuscript documents, carried out by students as part of the Student Grant Competition project at the Silesian University in Opava, are of particular interest. After an introductory summary, the procedures for creating models for the automatic transcription of selected handwritten religious documents, handwritten samples from the second half of the 18th century to the first half of the 20th century, as well as a model for the transcription of Bohemian typewritten documents are described in detail. In all cases, the texts were of West Slavic origin.

The second article is the result of research into old publications on beekeeping in the historical collection of the National Library of the Czech Republic. It presents a carefully researched study on the development of beekeeping, also confirming the importance of the spread of printing, which enabled the gradual dissemination of scientific knowledge about improving the quality of beekeeping as an important economic and cultural factor. The author's work (thanks to the identification of provenance features) also contributed to a more comprehensive picture of the spread of this type of literature in various strata of society and in all types of libraries.

The following article presents the results of a survey that examined the digital skills of librarians. This interesting survey was conducted in the fall of 2023 and is unique in that it not only examined the actual state of our digital skills, but also how we assess ourselves in this area. The results of the survey, which focused on this integral part of our daily work, cover areas such as cybersecurity, social networks, working with repositories, searching the Internet, and more.

The next article also takes us into the digital realm. Its authors introduce persistent identifiers and their use in the Czech environment. These include ORCID, ROR ID, RAiD, and DOI identifiers, with the authors focusing most of their attention on ORCID and DOI, particularly on when and where they are used and for what purpose. The following part of the article then explains benefits of these identifiers, especially for publishing. The management and allocation of these identifiers is overseen by the international organization called DataCite and, in the Czech Republic, the National Centre for Persistent Identifiers (a separate department of the National Library of Technology). Thanks to the persistent identifiers (PIDs) it is easier to access research data on the internet, for example, and thus enable the implementation of the FAIR data principles (FAIR: findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability).

To take a break from the digital world, let's move on to an interesting humanities topic: bibliotherapy. The article follows on the introduction to bibliotherapy published in the spring issue of Knihovna plus. In this sequel, the author focuses on practical application, especially in a group of children with special educational needs and in a group of seniors. It explores how bibliotherapy helps these two specific groups in their daily lives, what bibliotherapeutic reading entails, how to choose the right bibliotherapeutic literature, and much more.

The publication entitled Bibliotheca Astronomica, published as a critical catalogue accompanying an exhibition of the same name held at the National Library of the Czech Republic in October last year, is reviewed. The texts in the book deal with the astronomical prints from the 15th to 17th centuries.

The issue concludes with the Recommended Reading from the Library and Information Science Literature Library and New Library Science Publications from Abroad sections.

We wish you pleasant reading and a wonderful summer!

On behalf of the editorial team

Renáta Krejčí Salátová

We are pleased to present you with the winter issue of Knihovna: knihovnická revue, featuring a range of both historical and contemporary topics, with an eye toward the future.

In the peer-reviewed section, you will find four articles. The first one explores the issue of linked data and its potential future in the Czech Republic, specifically focusing on the possibility of its implementation in the Czech library system. Based on an analysis of bibliographic and authority records, the authors propose transitioning to new formats, such as BIBFRAME.

The second article examines the education of women during the Middle Ages. Drawing on her thorough research, the author provides interesting insights into the educational processes of women in medieval monasteries. She outlines the various stages of learning, from simple memorization of words to reading basic texts, culminating in engagement with more demanding works.

The third article investigates the history of the music collection in Skalsko, located in the Central Bohemia region (Mladá Boleslav district). Again, grounded in an in-depth study of historical materials, the author provides a detailed characteristics of the music collection preserved in the Church of St. Havel in Skalsko. This unique collection, comprising 300 musical pieces from the 18th and 19th centuries, represents another forgotten and truly rediscovered collection from rural Czechia. Parts were acquired or copied by local choir directors, but the collection also includes sheet music from nearby villages of Březno and Bezno as well.

The final article in the peer-reviewed section presents compelling research on the preservation and restoration of historical library collections. In addition to the text itself, books and other library documents often contain handwritten notes, ownership records, signatures, and stamps from past and present owners. These supplementary elements provide important information on a particular book’s history, its creators, readers, and places of origin and storage. Preserving these marks without alteration is crucial, yet they are often made using unstable inks or dyes, including the stamp inks, frequently used in the past. Protecting and stabilizing these annotations is therefore an essential aspect of conservation or restoration work. However, the potential instability of the writing materials, and the resulting risk of record alteration, can both hinder the identification of items and cause irreversible damage to the documents. How should valuable documents with such records be treated during restoration? Any additional insights into the behaviour of writing materials under modern chemical interventions are valuable.

In the Libraries and Information at Home and Abroad section, we share the results of already the fifth statistical survey of readers and reading focusing on current reading trends in the Czech Republic, and associations tied to reading (what media, institutions, functions and roles do the respondents connect with the reading, including the evolution of these preferences over time).

We also feature a tribute to Associate Professor Pavel Ranka, a long-standing member of our editorial board, who recently celebrated a significant milestone. We extend our gratitude for (not only) his dedication to the journal and wish him good health and continued success in the years ahead.

This issue includes a review written by our colleague from the National Library of the Czech Republic, assessing a publication by Polish authors on the development of the printed book in Poland between the 15th and 17th centuries. As noted by the reviewer, the book, published in English, serves as "a commendable model for communicating a nation’s printed cultural heritage to an international audience".

As usual, the issue concludes with the sections Recommended Reading from the Library and Information Science Literature Library and New Library Science Publications from Abroad.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the entire editorial board, our authors and reviewers, and all those who contributed to the journal throughout the year.

On behalf of the entire editorial team, I wish you enjoyable reading and a wonderful Advent season.

Renáta Krejčí Salátová

We are pleased to present you with the summer issue of Knihovna: knihovnická revue, now with a refreshed graphic design.

The first article in the reviewed section delves into the history of libraries, focusing on a particular phase in the development of the National Library of Technology. It highlights the figure of Spiridion Wukadinović, a Germanist who assumed leadership of the library. This Croatian national from the Austro-Hungarian Empire faced significant challenges in his efforts to modernize the institution. Based on historical research, the article sheds light on the obstacles he encountered.

The second reviewed article brings us back into the present day with an exploration of sustainability and data management in digital collections and archives. It examines the critical issue of long-term energy sustainability in relation to digitization of collection objects and subsequent long-term storage of digitized data. The article also provides valuable insights into environmental reporting, energy sustainability and climate impacts of long-term data preservation efforts.

This year marks the centenary of the Slavonic Library in Prague, part of the National Library of the Czech Republic. A contribution from its director reflects the rich and complex history of this venerable institution. From its founding vision and leadership to the evolution of its collections and services, as well as the challenges it faces today, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the library’s journey.

Another article discusses the Children and New Media 2023 research study, which examines how (and why) children aged 6-15 use and interact with media, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The study explores the rapidly changing media environment for these digital natives, born after 2000 – how leisure time, user preferences or reading are influenced. The analysis focuses on four key areas: leisure, media, education, and mental well-being, always regarding their respective age. Children were divided into different age groups and their changing habits studied, as well as the changes in emotional and cognitive development itself.

A Polish author contributes with an article on the transformation of the Czech literary canon within the Polish cultural context. The literary canon, typically understood as an authoritative collection of works recipients are expected to be familiar with, is often marked as valuable, encyclopaedical, accepted, implemented or national. The canon of any literature (Czech, in this case) originated abroad is by nature specific and thus provides valuable information on the respective environment. This article explores why Czech authors such as Jaroslav Hašek, Bohumil Hrabal, and Karel Čapek are so popular in Poland, and which new Czech authors are being incorporated into such evolving canon.

This issue’s book review highlights Grzegorz Niec’s notable work, Książka, naród, religia: dzieje książki czeskiej do czasów odrodzenia narodowego (Book, Nation, Religion: The History of the Czech Book up to the National Revival), published by Księgarnia Akademicka in Kraków. We eagerly anticipate the second volume, currently in progress.

As always, the Recommended Reading from the Library and Infor¬mation Science Literature Library section offers an overview of the latest publications in our field. In addition, the New Library Science Publications from Abroad section, featuring selections from Knižnica and Bulletin des bibliothèques de France, covers topics ranging from the history of the Cabinet of Retrospective Bibliography at the University Library in Bratislava to informal education and collaborative projects in France.

We are grateful for your continued support. Please allow a gentle reminder on next deadlines for submissions to Knihovna: knihovnická revue (https://knihovnarevue-en.nkp.cz/terms) and Knihovna plus (https://knihovnaplus-en.nkp.cz/).

Wishing you a wonderful summer!

On behalf of the editorial team,

Renáta Krejčí Salátová

Our winter number could be called the research and survey issue. Three articles are directly devoted to its organisation and subsequent evaluation, work that is without doubt well worthwhile, and which leads us to think about what these surveys can and have shown us, and in what direction they could probably lead. We devote altogether 39 pages to them, that is, more than one third of the whole issue.

So we let us examine the content of our issue. The first overview introduces us to the world of information architecture, above all of documents to whose definition several theoretical approaches lead. The text, divided into four, provides an explanation of the meaning itself of the theory of documents; an overview of past research trends (represented especially by two personalities – Paul Otlet and Suzanne Briet); and of current research trends, based on philosophy and linguistics. Theories and concepts from informational science are presented, focusing on processing bibliographic checks, information architecture and information management.

The first survey with whose results we present you is one focusing on the prestige of librarianship as a vocation in comparison with other selected professions, on the image of the libraries in the eyes of the Czech public, their credibility as institutions and their credibility as information institutions, and on the credibility of the information sources that the libraries provide, together with their role in the community. The respondents’ replies brought many interesting facts to light, as we can read for ourselves.

In another contribution, this time from Slovakia, the author enters the field of academic and professional communication in the form of the publication of academic and professional works of a different perception of the role of the author during publication. It deals mainly with the agenda of the evidence of publication activity and explains the importance of the standard taxonomy CRediT.

Another contribution tells us about a donation made this year to the Department of Manuscripts and Early Printed Books of the National Library of the Czech Republic.. It consists of fifty early printed books and books from the nineteenth and twentieth century in the literary bequest of the recently deceased husband and wife, the doctors František and Milena Kornalík. The origin of the collection is however earlier and we can trace it to the parents of the above mentioned owners. The collection contains not only medical literature and literature on the natural sciences, but also religious writings, the works of classical authors and much else. It is interesting that the earliest book dates from 1536, and the most recent book was published possibly between 1901 and 1906. Among the most interesting volumes we should mention the bundle bearing the rubber stamp of the Freemasons’ Lodge– Bibliothek der Vereinten Logen zu Rostock and consisting of three alchemists’ works. The Kornalíks’ books will be processed by experts and made available to readers in the study room ORST NK ČR.

We follow it with a report from a qualitative research survey, Readership in a time of Pandemic. The research focused on the media behaviour of the Czech population over the age of 15 as a result of the coronavirus pandemic in 2021. In this survey, parents of children aged 6–19 answered questions about their children's online education and leisure time. Did the children read more, or were they at the computer at their chosen time? What did the children miss the most? The article sets out the conclusions of the investigation.

Traditionally, our journal brings the results of another survey of the wages, age and educational structure of library staff, conducted regularly since 1998. The surveys are repeated at five-year intervals and make it possible to monitor changes in the staff structure in libraries. For example, the age, gender and education of library staff, their language skills, loyalty to the institution, etc., as well as the need for the retraining of library staff, the distribution of individual positions, salaries, etc. are ascertained, which vary as required. This time, these were questions identifying the most popular topics for the education of librarians.

We are also happy to include in the pages of our magazine - in the form of a profile - congratulations to Professor Jele Steinerová on her birthday. We thank her on behalf of the editorial staff for the work she has done for our magazine and for the great cooperation, and we wish her good health and much professional success.

We have two book reviews for you this time. The first is from Richard Papík’s desk and draws attention to the Slovak monograph Od vyhľadávania informácií k objavování nových znalostí (From the Search for Information to the Discovery of New Knowledge). Let us therefore continue to search for and discover new information and knowledge.

The second review (author Anna Machová) tells us about the publication Brána moudrosti otevřená: Knihy a knihovny broumovského kláštera (The Gate of Wisdom Open: Books and Libraries of the Broumov Monastery); and not only about this publication, but also about other things resulting from several years of work on an extensive research task including research into the Rajhrad Monastery book collection (both belonging to the legacy of the Benedictine order in our country), and other activities.

The issue concludes with the traditional sections: Tips from the Library of Library Literature, through which we try to present to you new and interesting titles that have enriched the collection of this unique professional library. News from foreign library literature is presented in articles from the French magazine Ar(abes)ques, published by the French university bibliographic agency Abes. The articles in this issue focus mainly on the agency's services to libraries (eg to facilitate the creation of authority records), and on changes to library catalogues in general, on the topic of interconnected and large data (related to the so-called bibliographic transition - bibliographic transition). They also deal with the topics of open access and open science and the possibilities and results of cooperation between university libraries and consortia with other libraries, in particular with the French National Library (co-creation of data at national level), etc.

On behalf of the editors, thank you all for your cooperation. I wish you good health and happiness and I look forward to your contributions. I would like to remind you of the deadlines of the Library: knihovnické revue https://knihovnarevue.nkp.cz/terminy and Knihovny plus https://knihovnaplus.nkp.cz/terminy.

Have a wonderful 2022!

Renata Salátová

překlad: Barbara Day

překlad: Barbara Day

We bring you the summer issue of the Knihovna: knihovnická revue. Contributions in the reviewed part (both are from the pen of colleagues from the Department of the Protection of Library Holdings of the National library of the Czech Republic) are concerned about the care of library collections with the object of their preventive protection and use of non-destructive research techniques for the examination of the actual volumes. The topic of the first article is the measurement of long-term climatic conditions in book depositories of the National Library of the Czech Republic (measurement of the physical parameters of the air such as the temperature, relative humidity and light as well as chemical parameters – concentration of external and internal air pollutants). Special attention is paid to the air quality in the so-called Baroque Hall in the Klementinum building which is the only one among the depositories used for storing historical book collections while, at the same time, being part of the tourist route and thus open to the public which naturally impairs its air quality.

The second paper deals with the research of information hidden in books and bookbindings. This information is obtained using non-destructive techniques (in this case without the interference with the upper structure of the volume) one of which is X-rays or radiography. Historical holdings include certain types of recycled materials in their bookbindings (for example a cut up manuscript parchment folio, etc.). Not only can these materials be older then the book itself but can often be of a value in themselves. At the same time this research can reveal hidden damage and select the most appropriate restoration procedures.

Polish colleagues have sent us their research report on Polish popular scientific magazines and their development since the establishment of this type of a periodical in Poland in the mid.eighteenth century until 1939. The role of popular scientific magazines was (as it is today) to inform readers about scientific progress, research, discoveries, etc. This contribution, which is a report on a research project funded by the Polish National Science Centre, brings information about various phases of this research and presents results obtained so far.

The author from the Theatre Department of the National Museum presents the results of an interesting theatrological research of documents, hitherto little-noticed in libraries, theatrical playbills. Theatrical playbills – unlike theatrical posters –  give information not only about the production as such but about individual performances and thus provide a valuable historical source. There are numerous collections of playbills in Czech institutions and they deserve a greater degree of accessibility for study and research purposes via such up to date means of accsss as online databases. The result of the Road to the Theatre project, in which participated, apart from the Theatre Department of the National Museum, also the Arts and Theatre Institute and the Moravian Museum, is a database of theatre playbills, a map of their locations in the Czech Republic, a  methodology of their processing and a travelling exhibition. Several theatre playbills can be found in the holdings of the National library of the Czech Republic. The text of the article is accompanied by many photographs of the playbills as well as other relevant illustrations.

The contents of our journal has not stayed untouched by the coronavirus. Our colleague Zdenko Vozár (the technical department support of applications of the National Library of the Czech Republic) is presenting an article dealing with the access to digital libraries by students and researchers during the period of coronavirus lockdown in the Czech Republic (March – May 2020). During the lockdown, with its resulting physical unavailability of copyrighted works, a remote access was secured to digitized documents of the National Library of the Czech Republic and several other large libraries, under pre-agreed conditions, to prevent the misuse of access to works protected by the copyright law. This was achieved thanks to successful negotiations with the agency Dilia (the collective administrator of the copyright) and the helpfulness and understanding of Dilia's management. How this measure helped our users in these difficult times is evidenced by the huge increase of the use of the database Kramerius, that makes the digitized works available. Let this be an encouragement to us for further work. The message of this article is clear – the author urges us to think about the stagnation of public services and the function of digital libraries and repositories. This too, could be, and should be, the way of supporting culture and education.

A Slovaque colleague has sent us an interesting article about the work of Czechs and Moravians in the University Library in Bratislava in the period 1919 – 1939. The article starts with the origin, location and functioning of the library and then brings interesting facts of local activities and lives of the people who are significantly connected with the development of Czech librarianship. We remembered some of them last year in connection with the 100^th anniversary of the adoption of the first Library Act (1919). The names of two leading Czech librarians, Dr. Jan Emler and Dr. Josef Schützer, are indelibly written into the history of this remarkable Slovak institution. The article is devoted to not only the two above mentioned directors, but also to other employees from the Czech Lands working in this library in the 1920s and 30s when the proportion of Czech and Moravian librarians in this institution was 50 – 60%. The article is based on the author's research and careful study of contemporary materials.

Our dear collaborator, colleague and author of professional articles and research prof. Jiří Trávníček celebrated an important anniversary at the beginning of this year (in February). We publish a greeting from the pen of prof. Grzegorze Niece from the University of Krakow. We wish prof. Trávntíček a good health, healthy optimism and zeal as well as lots of energy for further work.

The Review informs about the publication of Kamil Boldan's The Beginnings of Czech book printing. This publication is intended for both the lay and professional public and describes Czech book printing and its history, important works, etc. and is reviewed by our colleague Renáta Modráková.

The regular section – Tips from the Library of Library Literature – features nine interesting titles from the collection of the Library Literature Library of the National Library of the Czech Republic.

The journal gets into your hands in June; we have passed the endurance test in the form of the coronavirus pandemic and I think that we have proven that libraries are not afraid of anything and will get over lots of things – the introduction of steam power, electrification, computerization, robotization, even coronavirus. They were, are, and will always be here for their users.

Please do not forget the deadlines...

On behalf of the editorial board I wish you a good reading

Renáta Salátová

I have the pleasure of meeting with you over the summer issue of our periodical LIBRARY: Librarian Revue. We believe to have managed packing the 120 pages with interesting reading stuff consisting of three reviewed articles, a number of not reviewed contributions and two columns, one of them being a novice.

The first of the main articles is a theoretical study by Jiří Stodola, dealing with the concept of information in the context of epistemology and methodology; he delimits the meaning of this concept, describing four basic conceptions of the essential concepts (marginal realism, moderate realism, conceptualism and nominalism), introducing some examples of these types of approach in the information science. Further he explores the concept of definition and classification, handling three different approaches to this concept (realism, instrumentalism and the approach rejecting definitions) in works of different authors. In this context the author focuses also upon information as a transcendental concept that can be delimited only verbally, and even suggests that its further usage in the information science may be worth considering.

The substance of the second article by Slovak author Jela Steinerová consists in the analysis of the information environment of scientific communities, and namely both in general terms, and in the eyes of the scholars themselves. Making use of the outcome of a study of the information behaviour of 19 Slovak scholars  and of an international survey of the scientific data literacy (with the participation of 257 scholars from Slovakia) the author suggests concrete recommendations for a new model of an interactive scientific library and its services in the context of open science and digital science (the model of academic information ecologies; the necessity to do away with white spots and gaps in the information infrastructure), integration of management processes, planning and decision making related both to the research process and to the information one, etc.).

The third topic, one that is very far from the tradition of our periodical, concerns music. Jiří Mikuláš describes a collection of music materials unknown to the present day that have been preserved in the provost church of the Raising of the Holy Cross in Litomyšl. The study of this only recently discovered set of more than 400 pieces of sacral music of the 18^th and 19^th centuries brought new knowledge testifying not only to the high level of music played in that church and about the musical life in the provincial town of Litomyšl, but also the discovery of valuable compositions of mostly unknown composers and organists of said church.

The guru of the Czech librarianship PhDr. Vít Richter is going to celebrate his rounded-off birthday. Zlata Houšková presents him with a commemorative medallion written by her, describing his professional career. In joining these congratulations in the name of the editorial staff, we are wishing our nestor in particular reliable health, but also élan for his continuing work.

The position of national libraries within the librarian environment is always specific. This is not different in the case of the National Library of the Czech Republic. Unfortunately, our Czech specificity appears to be of the kind making the actual functioning of our National Library far from easy in the recent years, not to speak of its development. Let me use the words of Adolf Knoll, citing one of his articles (for which I am “glad”): „…The international renown of the National Library of the Czech Republic is much better than its position at home; quite often it has to face questions and attacks on the domestic stage, and even doubts thrown at its existence and the need of development – issues that are unthinkable elsewhere: as a rule, each national library in its substance is held for one of the treasures of the country .“ It is a pity that we often lack the awareness of this fact. The author, making use of a number of unique indicators, carried out an interesting comparative probe, showing in the light of the results that the Czech National Library, as compared with further selected European national libraries, assumes a very high standard, while fulfilling a number of additional functions in contrast to them. However, this is certainly not reflected by the interest and care at the side of the government as the guarantor of this public institution.

There is also a short treatise by Aleš Hrazdil about document indexation in the light of new scientific disciplines.

On 6^th April 2019 the National Library ČR – Librarian Institute – organised a seminar on terminology. It was well accepted by the professional public. A brief summary of the resulting conclusions has been prepared and submitted by co-authors Jaroslava Citova and Anna Machová.

Actually, also the future of the librarian profession, as treated by Vladana Pillerová and Dana Smetanová, deserves full attention of all of us. The conclusions ensuing from the survey (implemented in the first phase of the project by the Common procedure of the social partners in preparing changes of the pension system) are very interesting and instructive.

However, let us turn to the close future. There is a conference in Olomouc ahead of us, under the title Libraries of today (the event is announced in the article of Veronika Chruščová). Let me invite you, for my person, among others to the Round table of editors “We are in a press” that is scheduled within that conference for 11^th September, beginning at 12.30. We will handle editorial work, professional periodicals, publishing etc. We have taken the liberty of preparing a new column for you: Tips from the Library collection of librarian literature. We will chose interesting publications from the accruals to said library for our readers. This section is going to be reprinted in the magazine Knihovna plus (Library plus).

The copy will be rounded off by the column Novelties of the international librarian literature, this time handling a new and attractive theme, namely reading of electronic text in comparison with reading print outs. Its continuation will be found in the Winter issue, namely Library: Librarian Revue 2/2019.

We are pleased by your interest in publishing, and that is why we wish to remind you of the closing dates, and namely both for Knihovna plus – https://knihovnaplus.nkp.cz/terminy, and Knihovna: knihovnická revue – https://knihovnarevue.nkp.cz/terminy, which concerns the reviewed and not reviewed contributions.

What have we managed down to the D-day of this issue? What is under preparation?

• We took part in the conference Social innovations in the libraries http://komunitni.knihovna.cz/konference/.

• We organised the Encounter of editors of professional periodicals in the National Library ČR.

• Our magazine was invited to the Ilide International Conference: https://10times.com/ilide-international-conference.We wish to renew our thanks for the invitation to the organisers.

• We will travel to Zlín, to the conference Electronic services of libraries: https://www.kfbz.cz/elektronicke-sluzby-knihoven-konference.

• The conference Architecture and building of libraries is ahead of us: https://www.skipcr.cz/akce-a-projekty/akce-skip/valna-hromada/9.-valna-hromada/program-1/konference-architektura-a-vystavba-knihoven/, which is part of the professional program of the General Meeting of SKIP.

Let me express my cordial thanks to all who shared the preparation of this issue.

Wishing you wonderful summer days and looking forward to your comments and contributions.

Renata Salátová

We present to you the winter issue of our journal where you will find three contributions in the reviewed section. This section opens with the article by PhDr. Helena Kučerová PhD. on the subject of the concept of a model and a conceptual model in information science.

The author‘s goal is to point out ways through which thinking about models could be taken in information science and suggests ways towards the forming own theories of conceptual models applied in processes of acquisition, processing and use of information sources.

Doc. PhDr. Jaromír Kubíček CSc. takes us to the world of the First Republic, to the time of the passing of the first library law – the Act of local public libraries of 22nd July 1919. He describes what preceded and followed the enacting of the law and introduces such terminology as: library instructor, culture committees, district library supervisor, legal requirement to found a library, district libraries, travelling libraries, central travelling library in Prague – Klementinum and many others.

We shall stay in history with the article Czech language prayer books of the 18th century printed in roman type and beginning of this printing type in Czech typography by Mgr. David Mach whose contribution introduces a group of Czech language prayer books, similar in content and form, which were published during the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century and printed in the roman type.

In the section libraries and information at home and abroad Mgr. Pavlína Mazáčová, PhD. presents three home grown projects (What wasn’t in the textbook – cooperation of libraries and schools in the education of pupils in the 21st century; Improvement of the quality of pupil education, development of key competences in the regions of education and literacy; Online handbook of information literacy.)

In the first Slovak contribution PhDr. Andrea Hrčková, PhD. takes us to the world of mobile interactive maps which assist in the orientation in libraries. Maps are part of the information and navigational system in libraries and help better orientation of users. Through this they also serve as a prevention against library anxiety (i. e. a state when a user gets lost on library premises or feels negative emotions and questions his / hers ability to orientate themselves in the library). Let us therefore be inspired by the creation of methodology or instruction for the making of these maps and their testing in the library space.

The second Slovak contribution is a review of the book Theoretical resources in information science: utilizing conceptual modelling in information science jointly edited under the leadership of Barbara Drobíková. The work is reviewed and realistically put into context of the subject field by prof. Dušan Katuščák.

The review of the book Conservation and restoration of modern library collections edited by Petra Vávrová and Magda Součková is from the pen of doc. Michal Ďurovič.

The section of the News of foreign library science literature is on the theme...

To conclude I would like to say that I appreciate the work of all who take part in the publication of the journal Knihovna: knihovnická revue and Knihovna plus. Besides others all authors; it can give you a great satisfaction that through your contributions you have taken our profession a little further either from the point of view of terminology, subject or information. You are an inspiration to others.

I wish you success in publishing. The deadline dates are on our webpages https://knihovnarevue-en.nkp.cz/.

Merry Christmas and a good start in the New Year 2019.

On behalf of the editorial board

Renata Salátová

Michal Lorenz and Eva Víchová from the Institute of Information Studies and Librarianship of the Philosophical Faculty of the Masaryk University in Brno reflect upon the concept of the community library. They are looking at the meaning and contents of this expression with regard to the continuation and further development of libraries as community institutions. Among others the study points out the need for the design of services to marginalised and non-administered communities including library non-users. The authors see their study as a contribution to the classification of the types of communities and the introduction of an overall model of social innovations in adequately conceived community services.

In the section Libraries and information at home and abroad we shall find the article by Anna Pajerská (the Library of the Palacký University in Olomouc) and Jindra Planková (the Institute of Information Science of the Philosophical and Natural Science Faculty of the Silesian University in Opava) under the title information Commons (IC) – principles and components in Czech libraries. This English term, which has not found a suitable Czech rendering, is mostly used by in its original English. The authors show the IC as a possible startup conceptual model with which to approach the development of information services in libraries to satisfy expectations of both present and future library users especially with regard to the dynamic development of ICT (the need to approach the internal setup of libraries as well as the call for widening the technological assistance as an integral part of library services). Some parts of the IC concept are used by intuition – the study therefore looks in detail at the concept itself, its possibilities and examples of its realization abroad and, as a home grown example, analyse the practice of the Library of the Palacký University in Olomouc.

Vít Richter (the Institute of Librarianship of the National Library of the Czech Republic) looks at the relationship between reading and school results among pupils and students at the primary and secondary schools basing his conclusions on the results of a nationwide enquiry called Czech children and youth as readers. It was a quantitative questionnaire survey during which 2000 children aged 6 – 19 were approached. The results confirmed that a correlation between reading and school performance exists (good and active reading practice facilitates success in studying even though there are other factors that play a part here); one of the subjects looked at was also the use of the public library).

The director, builder, educator and bibliographer – doc. PhDr Jaromír Kubíček, CSc., celebrated, at the beginning of 2018, his milestone anniversary. An interview with the director emeritus of the Moravian Library was conducted by Eva Svobodová and the editorial board of this journal would like to take this opportunity to congratulate Jaromír Kubíček, to thank him for his cooperation with our journal and wish him many happy years of active and healthy life.

We bring reviews of three specialized publications by Czech authors: Czech printing between late Gothic and Renaissance II (Petr Voit), Jan Felkl and Son: the globe factory (Eva Novotná) and the Organisation of knowledge: key themes (Helena Kučerová).

The section News of foreign library science literature selects this time articles from the Scandinavian Public Library Quarterly (SPLQ, now SLQ), bringing contributions in English from Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. This periodical switched several years ago from a paper format to an electronic version and at the same time made accessible its complete archive (1968 – 2016). (http://siq.nu/.

Unfortunately, there can also be some sad moments in the editorial work; when the author passes away in the middle of the publishing process, as it happened in the case of ing. Jaroslav Šilhánek, CSc, the coryphe of our chemical informatics, it is very sad and it makes us to reflect. When someone who has so much to say and is not able to finish the work for which others are waiting...how much time do we have left for publishing?

I wish you a beautiful summer, many new experiences that you can share with us on our pages either in Knihovna plus (submission deadline 1. 8. 2018 or Knihovna: knihovnická revue (submission deadline for reviewed contributions 15. 8. 2018 or non-reviewed 1. 9. 2018).

Thank you for your patronage, we look forward to further cooperation.

For the Editorial Board

Renata Salátová
Acting Editor

We present the winter issue of our journal the Library: a librarianship review, in which several historical and contemporary subjects intertwine. Historical themes are connected with recent research of the heritage and provenance of books and book collections from the “reserve” stock of the National library of the Czech Republic; Marcela Strouhalová writes on the basis of the results of archival and other research of WW2 book confiscations, their movement during the war and about the logistics and other aspects of transfers of large library collections on our territory after the war. Petra Večeřová’s contribution is dedicated to selected problems of Czechoslovak librarianship in the period 1939-1959 also in connection with the fate of the already mentioned library entities during the war and in the post-war years, but more from the point of view of our large library institutions who suddenly became responsible for huge amounts of ownerless library materials. The article by Pavlína Mazáčová and Kateřina Hanušová from the Masaryk University in Brno comes with the topical subject of the development of pre-reading skills using the method of intergenerational learning. These three contributions appear in the reviewed part of the journal.

The non-reviewed part of the issue is dedicated to contemporary problems starting with the article of this year’s MARK award holder Linda Jansová, focusing on the phenomenon of information science.

Another very interesting article is an overview study of the author Vladana Pillerová based on the research of age, pay and educational structure of library workers in the Czech Republic. How are we doing, where and whether we have, as library employees, moved (for instance from the point of view of educational or financial reward in various types of libraries (either public, university, specialised or others) is presented using also graphs and tables (this subject, albeit in American environment, is also covered by one of the contributions annotated in the section of New foreign literature on librarianship.

Current situation in libraries and their development in the near future is a theme that also resonates in the interview with professor Andrew Lass on the occasion of this year’s CASLIN conference. We hope that the interview will be seen by the review’s readership just as enriching and beneficial as it is by its editor.

In the reviews we look at two publications that complement the contents of the current issue. The publication Books regained: the confiscated books after the Second World War in the administration of the NK ČR (review by Petra Večeřová who, in a restrained way, added some personal observations) and a Bratislava miscellany Library and information science (a very detailed analysis and evaluation by Linda Jansová).

The issue closes with the New foreign literature on librarianship. In this section we are presenting several contributions from the IFLA Journal.

It is the end of 2017. Let me sum up, therefore, this year’s activities of our editorial board. Apart from the work on the journal itself we were, as a medial partner, present at the conferences: Inforum, Libraries in past and present, the Conference on grey literature, Archives, libraries and museums in the digital world conference, LibCon and others. We also went to Bratislava to attend the Conference on periodicals past and present and to Wroclaw to the IFLA Conference.

You might be asking what our review gains by the Board’s presence at these events. First of all – new contacts (whether potential authors or reviewers), ideas (of which there is never enough, including the reviewed journal), new subjects – and most importantly the feeling that we are here for our subject field and do our best to serve it well. We have an educational, information and archival function. We have to make ourselves known to authors and offer them the possibility of publishing.

First of all we are here for you, our readers, so please let us know about anything that our journal could do for you.

Many thanks go to all, without whom the Knihovna could not be published; members of the Editorial Board for their work and readers for their continued support.

On behalf of the Board I would like to wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year 2018.

Renáta Salatová
Editorial Assistant

The editorial slightly differently, or what could not be fitted into the issue...

We present this year‘s second issue of our journal. In the reviewed part you will find four contributions. First up is Eliška Šedivá who acquaints us with the Research on Czech watermarks in the Music Department of the National Library of the Czech Republic followed by Jaroslav Kvasnica who introduces the Scientific use of data from web archives. David Mach’s article focuses on the Knihopis of the Czech and Slovak pre-1800 imprints and its integration in the portal Knihověda.cz. This section closes with a contribution by Ladislava Zbieczuk Suchá entitled the Publishing behaviour and attitudes to open access: an analysis of the perception of open access among scientists in the Czech Republic.

In the next section Jana Jůzová brings to our attention the subject of the Right to forget in the environment of the Internet and this part concludes with a review of the book Digital dementia by Manfred Spitzer and the column listing new foreign publications on librarianship.

The editors of the journal Knihovna: a review of librarianship and the electronic journal Library plus had the honour last year to take part or be the medial partner of several important conferences in the domain of library science: the Book in the 21^st century (Opava), Meeting of the editors of journals on library science (Brno), Libraries in the countries of the V4 (Brno), Library architecture (Hradec Králové), Inforum 2016 (Praha),Libraries of today 2016 (Olomouc), Caslin (Třešť), the National Depository of Grey Literature (Praha), Digi 2016 (Praha) and Archives, libraries and museums in the digital world (Praha).

All these conferences were not only a source of subjects but also an impetus for the improvement of our work. We made valuable contacts without which our work would be much more difficult. The organisers of these meetings made it possible for us to present ourselves during the proceedings as well as to use the logo of both our journals on invitations to individual events. They deserve our sincere thanks. We are making efforts to present our work also in the university environment, acquainting students with our work, for instance during the Jinonice Mondays, organised by the UISK FF and others.

Allow me a short stop at one of the most prestigious events among those listed above, the Caslin 2016. This year it took place in the chateau-hotel Třešť (more on this seminar in the electronic journal Library Plus). It was already the 21^st of these annual seminars that began in 1993. This time it was organised by the Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and 60 speakers from the Czech Republic and Slovakia took part. Some were regulars, others came for the first time. This year’s less traditional conference /seminar started on Sunday 9^th October p.m. and closed on Wednesday 12^th October p.m. with presentations by individual sections. It was not limited to the traditional frontal form of talks given to a full auditorium. The work methodology lied in an intensive activity of all participants divided into four groups, all working to the same pattern. The work was split into three phases; each phase ending with a presentation of the results reached, summarised by a speaker for each group. After a discussion tasks were assigned for the next phase. Working in groups was quite demanding as achieving mutual consensus was not always easy. Misunderstandings ensued not only through differing experiences of each group member but also from different understanding of the work methodology.

The central motto of the work was “Crossing boundaries”. Same as the number of groups there were four thematic ranges or sections with each range having a garantor and an assistant. First range was defined by the theme “Library without borders” (garantor Tomáš Foltýn), second by “We shall do anything: a non-traditional service” (garantor Tomáš Řehák), third was the “Technological section – long term archiving, depository, data” (garantor Miroslav Bartošek), fourth “Cooperation – the integration of the unified systems and environment” (garantor Bohdana Stoklasová).

The methodology presentation was followed by the paper of Jan Macháček from the Lidové noviny (People’s newspaper) on the subject of the “Information society on the border line?” Afterwards each garantor introduced his thematic range in the form of a presentation (see https://www.lib.cas.cz/caslin-2016/prezentace/) where he pointed out and specified the main problems inherent in the individual ranges. The tasks for the first phase of the groups’ work were then distributed and the participants’ own work could commence.

Part of the Caslin 2016 was the evaluation of the last year’s conference (Caslin 2014) in the form of reports and an accompanying discussion. Readers can peruse them on https://www.lib.cas.cz/caslin-2016/presentace/).

At this year’s CASLIN audio-visual recordings were made that also captured, apart from the introductory and closing presentations, the individual phases of preparatory work in groups. The recordings contain a synchronised record of the presenter with a computer presentation and, for the first time, an experiment was made with the synchronised record of the presenter and a presentation recorded in a paper format on a flipchart. Some of these records will be available on the official pages of the CASLIN 2016.

In conclusion I wish to thank all who participated in the making of the journal, especially PhDr Anna Machová, Mgr. Jindřich Pilař, Alena Křesalová and the editorial team members for their work throughout the year.

Many thanks go also to the authors and readers for their patronage.

With best wishes to all for good health, hapiness and success in 2017.

For the Editorial Board

Renáta Salátová

As a rule, the first days of June are the signal that you expect us to offer you a new copy of our magazine KNIHOVNA (Library, Librarian Review). Ad we do. The electronic version, including the translations of some articles, will appear on our web site somewhat later.

The body of our periodical comprises four papers enriching the publication activity in our field by diversified topics. This time the first place has been reserved to Michal Mocek who has, among others, paid much attention to the issues of beautiful books in the course of many years. This time he presents and reviews the printing and publishing house Kryl and Scotti (later Kryl only) that was active during the so-called First Republic of Czechoslovakia after WWII. The article is based upon the author´s thorough investigations of studies and opinions of reviewers of those times (1925-1946) as well as on competitions for the nicest book. The article bears the title Printing works Kryl and Scotti in the mirror of bibliophile media and competitions.

The second article, a comparative study, will usher you to the domain of education. Michal Lorenz from the Cabinet of Information Studies of the Masaryk University in Brno maps and compares the study profiles of two similar curricula, namely of two practically identical fields that can be chosen within one study program of information and librarianship at the Silesian University in Opava. The author postulates the question how comes that we can find two equal study lines at one university, especially in a not particularly populous country. That is why he analyzes both curricula in the light of their similarities and differences, and in his paper Map of study profiles: comparing the curricula of Library and Information Science in Opava he follows the target of revealing to what extent both lines of study are seen to compete.

The contribution from the pen (or rather keyboard, see page 98) of Klára Rösslerová of the Library of the Faculty of Arts at the Charles University in Prague deals with a most topical issue, namely the expected changes of exchangeable bibliographical data formats, in connection with the prospects of the future use of the publication format based upon the linked data principle. The article is an output of her dissertation thesis under preparation, here under the title Exchangeable formats of bibliographical data: their present transformation.

The fourth article, completing the reviewed part of the magazine, has been written by Radim Polčák from the Institute of law and technologies at the Faculty of Law of the Charles University. The author handles the amendments of the Information Act and their impact upon the libraries (such as the obligatory electronic copy, digitalization of the library funds and approach to source documents). The public sector data and the legal regime for their further utilization serve as a common denominator. This interesting paper discussing the hottest topics appears under the title Rights to the data administered by public libraries in the light of amendments of the Freedom of Information Act.

Legislative issues accompany us also upon entering the following part of the magazine that is reserved to columns: Libraries and Information at home and abroad. Our Slovak colleague from the Education Department of the Slovak Republic Monika Lapušanová has prepared an informative article The New Slovak Library Act.

A great personality of the Czech librarianship and information science, associate Professor Rudolf Vlasák, is going to celebrate his 80^th birthday within short. Let us wish him excellent health, happiness and continuing vitality on behalf of the editorial staff, while thanking him for everything he has done for this periodical. A brief article commemorating this important personal jubilee of his has been prepared by Eva Bratková from the Institute of information studies and librarianship of the Faculty of arts at the Charles University in Prague.

The copy closes with a review of a very useful and comprehensive Handbook of Information Science (901 pages) from the pen of German authors, written by Richard Papík, and with the traditional column containing some novelties from foreign library related literature.

Let me now draw the attention of all those who are about to send us any contribution that there are new deadlines for accepting articles intended for reviewing. All details can be found at our website as well as in the instruction for the authors

I am confident that this copy may enrich you the same as it does enrich ourselves who have participated in its preparation.

In wishing you a pleasant summer,  I already look forward to your contributions, suggestions, comments, reactions …

Renáta Salátová

Executive Editor